Department of Civil Engineering

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    A Two-Stage Method for Damage Detection in Members and Joints of Steel Frames
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Sagar, Sharjid
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    ASSESSMENT OF ROAD CONNECTIVITY USING GIS: A CASE STUDY OF HAILAKANDI DISTRICT
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Chauhan, Rohit
    In most districts in India, the existing road network is unable to meet the increasing travel demand. Effective utilisation is required due to the transportation system's high development costs, and this can only be achieved with proper connectivity. In this study, an attempt was made to analyse and evaluate the road network structure of Hailakandi District in terms of its connectivity and coverage. The District was analysed three times, considering different types of analytical units, i.e., District, Blocks and Grids of 10 sq. Km, and a comparison was made among the results obtained using different analytical units. This comparison highlighted errors that occurred when using a smaller area size as analytical units in connectivity analysis. Hence, this research suggested that the analytical area should be kept as large as operationally feasible. Also, this research sought to improve the existing methodology for connectivity analysis by introducing a new index, the c-index that accounts for the effect of road category. Based on the findings, a set of recommendations was also proposed.
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    Bearing Capacity Enhancement of Poor Soils Using Floating Stone-Filled Bamboo
    (National Institute of Technology,Silchar, 2026) Kumar, Aditya
    In this study we have try to investigate Bearing Capacity Enhancement of Poor Soils Using Floating Stone-Filled Bamboo is based on my project work where I tried to understand how soft soil (Clay soil) can be improved in simple and economical way. In starting our main aim to see how bamboo and stone combination behave when placed in soft soil conditions. After completion of several experiments we have to analysis, numerical modelling was carried out and different cases were analysed step by step. During the all process we have to seen, it was observed that some cases shows better load carrying capacity while others not giving that much improvement load bearing capacity. The comparison of results helped to find which arrangement is performing more efficiently. One important thing I noticed is that small change in spacing and depth can affect the overall response in significant way. The results obtained are quite useful for practical ground improvement techniques. In the end, this work gives a better idea about how sustainable materials like bamboo can be used to improve foundation performance in real field conditions.
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    Durability analysis of chemically stabilized fiber reinforced clayey soil
    (Department of Civil, NITS, 2024-07) Acharjee, Abhash
    This study aims to investigate the effect of varying percentages of lime, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), rice husk ash (RHA) and coir fiber on the Atterberg’s limit and durability of the samples. It was observed that addition of chemical stabilizers reduced the plasticity index of the soil samples rendering the soil less plastic. This could potentially reduce the swelling and shrinkage of clay soil. The incorporation of lime, GGBS or RHA reduced the linear shrinkage of the soil but higher dosage of lime made the soil more brittle indicated by multiple cracks on the surface of the soil sample. It was observed that when part of the soil is replaced with lime, GGBS, RHA and coir fiber and were tested for durability after curing of 28 days by subjecting them to alternating wetting and drying cycles the inclusion of lime, RHA, GGBS and coir fiber facilitates pozzolanic reactions, enhancing soil binding and reducing plasticity. The results show significant improvements in the durability of the treated soils compared to untreated clay. The inclusion of 5% lime, 10% GGBS and 1% coir fiber rendered the best performance after being subjected to wetting drying cycles with a UCS of 743.2 kPa after the 10th cycle and cumulative mass loss of 11.52% of its initial mass after 10th cycle.
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    Effect of High Temperature on Mode I Intralaminar Fracture Toughness
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Kumar, Pinisetti Praveen
    This study explored fracture behaviour of two types of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) – a pultruded I-beam and a hand-layup sheet – behave under high temperature. The pultruded profile contained about 73% glass fiber by weight with three different fiber layers (random mat, combined mat, and unidirectional 0° mat), while the hand-layup laminate had roughly 40% fiber with a 0° core and random outer skins. Mechanical tests showed that both materials are much stronger along the fiber direction than across it. Fracture toughness was measured using single-edge notch bending (SENB) tests at room temperature and after heating to 60 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C. At room temperature, the critical stress intensity factor (K1c) was 26.5 MPa·mm1/2 for the profile and 22.6 MPa·mm1/2 for the laminate. After heating, the peak load rose slightly at 100 °C (possibly from extra curing) but fell sharply at 200 °C and 300 °C due to matrix breakdown; at 400 °C the resin melted completely. A 2D Abaqus model using CPS4R elements for the bulk GFRP and COH2D4 cohesive elements for the crack path, with Hashin damage, successfully reproduced the experimental trend – simulated peak loads dropped from 2.89 kN at room temperature to 0.78 kN at 400 °C. Damage patterns shifted from brittle at low temperatures to more ductile at high temperatures. Overall, GFRP works well up to about 200 °C, and the numerical model provides a useful way to predict its fracture behaviour under heat.
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    ENZYME INDUCED CARBONATE PRECIPITATION (EICP) TECHNIQUE USED FOR STABILIZATION OF PEAT
    (National Institute of Technology,Silchar, 2026) MAZUMDAR, PUSPAM
    Peat poses severe geotechnical challenges due to its high organic content, excessive compressibility, and extremely low shear strength. To overcome these geotechnical challenges a sustainable bio-mediated stabilization techniques is used i.e. Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of EICP for stabilizing peat and examining its strength improvement, durability behaviour and microstructural modifications. EICP utilizes free urease enzyme extracted from soybean and urea–calcium chloride cementation solutions at different concentrations of 0.75 M, 1.0 M, and 1.5 M leading to precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) within peat. Laboratory investigations were carried out to assess urease activity, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), calcium carbonate content by Tube test and acid leaching test, pH, electrical conductivity, microstructural analysis and durability test. EICP treatment enhanced the UCS strength to a maximum value of 323 kPa, which is approximately 45 times higher than untreated -peat at an optimum cementation concentration of 1.0 M after 28 days curing, corresponding to a calcium carbonate content of approximately 29%. The maximum calcium carbonate content (CCC%) of 32-33% was observed at 0.75M and 1M concentration. EICP improved stiffness and durability, with microstructural observations of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirming calcite bridging in EICP-treated samples and enhanced particle aggregation.
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    Evaluating The Efect Of Fly Ash Pellets As A Replacement Of Aggregates In Pavement Quality Concrete
    (Department of Civil Engineering, NITS, 2022) Javeed, Mohammed
    Concrete is fundamentally a man-made mixture comprising aggregates which are 70 to 80 percent of the volume of concrete that is held together by a cementing phase. Aggregates are one of the largest used materials globally. Due to the extraction of the aggregates from the quarry’s it will create an ecological imbalance and natural resources are depleted as a result. The environmental impact of aggregate extraction from a quarry is one of the most pressing concerns. Aggregate quarries have a number of negative environmental consequences which consist of, effects on climate, water environment, landscape, natural environment. Throughout the last many years, the demand for natural resources has skyrocketed, as it is firmly connected to the urban area's turn of events and its financial development. Therefore, there is a need to develop a substitute for aggregates and artificial aggregates are one of such alternatives, Fly ash pellets are one of such artificial aggregates that can be used in construction to replace traditional aggregates. Thermal power facilities produce fly ash as a byproduct, India is expanding electricity demand necessitates the use of thermal power plants to generate 70% of the country's electricity. Air pollution from particle emissions, water pollution, and a lack of land for disposing fly ash are among environmental concerns from these plants. the production of fly ash pellets is a good way to put a lot of fly ash to good use.The fly-ash pellets are made in this study using a laboratory procedure (manual) followed by cold bonding curing to get the desired strength to the pellets. Fly ash pellets are prepared in different fly ash and cement ratios using manual method. On comparing the strength properties of the pellets with different ratios 3:1 fly ash (FA) and cement(C) ratio gave the better results. Then the pellets are prepared with 3:1 FA:C with varying percentage of basalt fibers for giving more strength to the pellets, after comparing the results, for 3:1 FA:C ratio the optimum percentage of basalt fibers obtained is 0.5 percent. then for decreasing the water absorption of the pellets, it is treated with the water glass, here, the water glass used is sodium silicate. The treatment of the pellets with the water glass results in decreasing the water absorption about 15 percent. The treated pellets which are prepared with 3:1 FA:C ratio and in pavement quality, basalt fibers are utilized to replace aggregates. concrete. The fly ash pellets as a substitute for coarse aggregates in the percentages of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% for M40 grade concrete. Following the comparison, with the traditional concrete, the maximum replacement obtained is 15 percent.
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    GROUND RESPONSE ANALYSIS AND LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL AT TWO BRIDGE SITES IN SILCHAR TOWN
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) NATH, SNEHASISH
    Silchar, in southern Assam, is the state's second most densely inhabited city, with an economy cantered on agriculture, forestry, and tea cultivation. The current study focuses on ground response analysis and liquefaction potential assessment at two key bridge sites: Itkholaghat and Sadarghat. Subsurface soil conditions were characterized using detailed geotechnical data from eight boreholes across these sites collected from the Public Works Department (PWD) of Assam. Ground response analysis was carried out with the SHAKE2000 software, which included a typical acceleration time history from a Mw 7.2 Indo-Burma region earthquake obtained from the COSMOS Virtual Data Centre. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) values obtained were then used to determine the liquefaction potential of the soil profiles. The analysis shows that most boreholes are highly susceptible to liquefaction, particularly at shallow depths, due to the presence of loose, moist soil layers. Borehole 5 (BH5) at the Sadarghat bridge site, on the other hand, shows significant resistance to liquefaction up to 30 m deep, most likely due to denser or more cohesive soil strata. Furthermore, the study considers the impact of seasonal groundwater table variations, which is an important aspect in liquefaction assessment. It was discovered that as the groundwater table rises closer to the ground surface—particularly during monsoon seasons—the likelihood and severity of liquefaction increase significantly. These findings emphasize the significance of site-specific geotechnical evaluation and groundwater concerns in seismic risk assessment and infrastructure design in the region.
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    LOAD-SETTLEMENT BEHAVIOUR OF CLAYEY SOIL REINFORCED WITH FLY-ASH + LIME + CLAY COLUMN
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Baruah , Jubilee
    Deep-seated medium-soft cohesive soil possess major difficulties in geotechnical engineering because of weak shear-resistance, low-bearing capacity, high compressibility, and tendency to undergo excessive settlement. This study focuses on the utilization of fly-ash which is a waste byproduct in geotechnical application to improve the clayey soil at a reasonable cost and also to provide environmentally sustainable alternative solution. The present study highlights the utilization of fly-ash along with the combination of lime and clay for the construction of Fly-ash+Lime+Clay (FLC) Columns to improve the load carrying capacities of the cohesive soils. The objectives of this study are to firstly determine the optimum percentage of fly-ash, lime and clay to prepare the FLC column. Secondly, to determine the load-settlement behaviour shallow foundation rested on Fly-ash+Lime+Clay column embedded in clayey soil bed by experimental investigation. Another objective is to study the effect of length, spacing, number and confinement of FLC column through numerical analysis using PLAXIS-3D software. To achieve the medium-soft consistency of clayey soil bed UCS sample were prepared at different water content and observed that at 43% water content clay soil attains the UCS value of 29.42 kPa that falls under the medium soft category. To achieve the desired proportion of FLC mix, clayey soil was blended with varying percentages of fly-ash and lime, UCS samples were prepared and tested after curing of 7, 14, and 28 days. The optimum proportion of the FLC mix was found to be 47% Fly-ash, 3% Lime and 50% Clay (F47L3C50). A test-tank of dimension 1m³ was filled with medium-soft cohesive soil up to a depth of 0.9m, and vertical load test was performed on a shallow-foundation of size 0.3m×0.3m×0.05m to determine its capacity. Two FLC column configurations, single and square group with 3D spacing were constructed in clay soil bed, each with a uniform diameter (D) of 50mm and with varying L/D ratios of 6, 8, and 10. Vertical load tests were performed on shallow-foundation of same size rested over FLC column improved clayey soil to determine its capacity. The ultimate load obtained from load settlement graphs demonstrated improvement of capacity as 33.83%, 48.69%, 78.81%, 123.05%, 149.07% and 182.16% respectively for the L/D ratios of 6, 8 and 10, for both single and group column. The load-improvement factor was evaluated for settlements of 5 to 50 mm and the settlement reduction factor was determined for applied loads of 0.2 to 0.8 kN. Load-sharing behaviour between shallow-foundation and FLC column was also evaluated. PLAXIS-3D software was used to perform the parametric study where the effect of length, spacing and pattern of FLC column rested on medium-soft clay bed was studied. The efficiency of FLC column with varying length and spacing was also evaluated. Finally, after summarizing all the results the optimum L/D ratio was fixed as 10, spacing as 2D, and the pattern as square. The findings from both the experimental load tests and the numerical simulations provide practical insights for designing efficient deep stabilization methods for medium-soft clay foundations, ensuring improved strength and load-bearing capacity.
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    LOAD-SETTLEMENT STUDY OF SKIRTED FOOTING RESTED ON STONE COLUMN IMPROVED CLAYEY SOIL
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Das, Nisha
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    Modelling and Predicting Local Weather Condition Using UAV-Based Sensors Networks
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Mangte, Haoneihling Jarvis
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    Municipal Solid Waste Land fill Site-Hydrological Risk Factors
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Deb, Chandrika
    The rapid growth of urban population and waste generation has made the selection of environmentally suitable landfill sites a critical challenge for sustainable solid waste management. This study aims to identify optimal landfill locations in the Silchar Municipal Area using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) integrated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Multiple environmental, hydrological, and infrastructural parameters—including land use/land cover (LULC), rainfall, groundwater depth, slope, elevation, and proximity to road sand streams—were considered for suitability analysis. Spatial datasets were processed and reclassified into thematic layers, and AHP was employed to assign relative weights to each criterion through pairwise comparison, ensuring a consistent and systematic decision-making framework. The weighted overlay analysis classified the study area into five suitability zones ranging from not suitable to most suitable, leading to the identification of potential landfill sites. To enhance the reliability of the results, a detailed hydrological risk assessment was conducted using stream proximity, rainfall distribution, and ground water depth, highlighting areas prone to contamination risks. Sensitivity analysis was further performed by varying the weights of key criteria, and the results demonstrated minimal variation in site selection, confirming the robustness of the model. Field validation was carried out for the shortlisted sites to verify ground conditions, resulting in the rejection of unsuitable locations and the final selection of the most feasible site. The selected land fill site satisfies both environmental and practical criteria, ensuring minimal impact on surrounding ecosystems. The study presents an integrated and systematic approach that combines spatial analysis, risk assessment, and field verification for reliable landfill site selection. The methodology can serve as a decision-support tool for urban planner sand policy makers in achieving sustainable and environmentally sound solid waste management, particularly in data-limited urban regions
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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE INCORPORATING SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) R, Hemachandran
    The increasing environmental impact associated with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production has created a need for sustainable alternative construction materials. Geopolymer concrete has emerged as an eco-friendly material due to its lower carbon emissions and effective utilization of industrial and agricultural waste materials. In this study, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA), an agricultural waste obtained from sugar industries, was used as a partial replacement for fly ash in geopolymer concrete to evaluate its mechanical and flexural behaviour under ambient curing conditions. Initially, geopolymer mortar cubes with different SCBA replacement levels were prepared to determine the optimum binder composition based on compressive strength. From the mortar optimization study, 20% SCBA replacement in the total binder content was identified as the optimum level. Based on the optimized mix, geopolymer concrete specimens and reinforced concrete beams were prepared using 20% SCBA, 30% fly ash and 50% GGBS. A geopolymer control mix containing 50% fly ash and 50% GGBS, along with conventional M30 grade concrete, was also prepared for comparison. The mechanical properties of concrete were evaluated through compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength tests at 28 days. The geopolymer control mix achieved a compressive strength of 42.8 MPa, while the SCBA-based geopolymer concrete attained 39.1 MPa, which was higher than the conventional concrete strength of 37.6 MPa. Geopolymer concrete specimens also exhibited improved tensile and flexural strengths compared to conventional concrete. The flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams was studied under four-point static loading conditions. The geopolymer concrete beams exhibited improved flexural performance, delayed crack initiation, stable crack propagation and good ductile behaviour compared to the conventional RCC beam. Analytical modelling carried out using ANSYS Workbench showed behaviour similar to the experimental investigation with acceptable variation in results. The study demonstrates that SCBA can be effectively utilized as a sustainable supplementary geopolymer binder material for reinforced concrete applications without significant reduction in structural performance
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    Performance Evaluation Of Microsurfacing Mix Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
    (Department of Civil Engineering, NITS, 2022) Kumar, Kallempudi Pavan Mahesh
    The current size of the road network, along with a lack of adequate funds for its renovation, has prompted the development of technologies for repairing and maintaining existing pavements. Microsurfacing is one of the most advanced pavement surface treatments available, capable of treating a wide range of pavement distresses while also having a longer shelf life than other options. In this case, RAP materials created during the maintenance and rehabilitation of asphalt pavements can be consumed as part of the required materials in the same process, minimizing material costs and difficulties caused by RAP production. Sustainability, economic benefit, reduced pollution, and the preservation of natural resources are all aspects that encourage the reuse of RAP. We receive largely fine aggregates when we remove the RAP material from the old pavement, which are needed for the microsurfacing mix. The tensile strength of microsurfacing mixtures is one of the most important factors in pavement deterioration and collapse. As a result, the effects of reinforcing microsurfacing mixtures with polypropylene fibres, as well as their engineering performance, were explored in this work. In this investigation, RAP aggregates contained small contaminants, according to FTIR measurements. As a result, these aggregates can be classified as medium-quality aggregates, and the presence of morphological matter in RAP qualifies them for microsurfacing. As a virgin binder, cationic slow setting bitumen emulsion CSS-1 is used. Because a polymer modified emulsion is required for microsurfacing, the emulsion is modified by adding 5% SBS polymer rubber to increase the emulsion's characteristics. The use of fiber reinforcement in microsurfacing improves the performance properties of the material. In the entire investigation, 0.2 % polypropylene fiber by weight of total microsurfacing mix is considered. Various physical property testing for natural and RAP aggregates were conducted, including abrasion value, specific gravity, and water absorption tests. The obtained are in the permissible limit hence we can use directly in the mix. It is carried out penetration test, ductility value, softening point, and specific gravity for bitumen emulsion. The flow value of the mix is increased by adding superplasticizers, and the water content is increased by adding RAP. Increased water content and superplasticizers in the microsurfacing mix alleviate the balling effect problem caused by fibers and fine particles. To determine the performance parameters of microsurfacing mix with various percentages of RAP replacement, prepared specimens are evaluated for marshal stability, ITS, cantabro abrasion loss, and static creep test. The ideal emulsion content for the microsurfacing mix is calculated using an average of the emulsion contents achieved at Marshall stability, 4% air voids, and a bulk density of 13.33 %, which can be used for future testing with RAP aggregates. In comparison to other combinations of mixes with RAP replacement, the results indice 45% as the optimum RAP replacement percentage that can replace conventional aggregates in microsurfacing mixes because it showed the best overall performance in terms of volumetric properties and performance tests. ln comparison to other RAP-replacement mixtures that have been examined So, if a higher percentage of RAP is necessary, we can use up to 45% without compromising the microsurfacing mix's desired performance. Improved RAP material usage could be a critical step in developing long-term pavement infrastructure.
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    Probability-Based Assessment of Soil Liquefaction Potential using Artificial Neural Network
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Waikhom, Sonali
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    REAL TIME STRUCTURAL MONITORING BY USING IoT AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Bandi, Rohith
    Assessing the safety and performance of civil engineering structures requires methods that go beyond periodic visual checks. This study develops a vibration-based structural health monitoring approach that combines IoT-based sensing with analytical evaluation to detect internal changes in structural behavior. ESP32 microcontrollers paired with ADXL345 accelerometers were used to collect real-time vibration data from reinforced concrete slabs. Experiments were conducted on slabs from both an existing and a newly constructed building (Chapter 6). Sensors were fixed at multiple positions, and controlled impacts were applied at different drop heights (50 cm, 100 cm and 150 cm) to generate vibration responses. The recorded data was processed to extract natural frequency and damping ratio using five methods (Chapter 5) Half Power Bandwidth, Logarithmic Decrement, Curve Fit, Phase-Based, and Nyquist Plot. The Half Power Bandwidth method returned the most consistent and accurate results across all test cases. The Logarithmic Decrement and Nyquist Plot methods also performed reliably. Differences in structural condition and material properties between old and new building slabs produced distinct response patterns, which the methods captured clearly (Chapter 7). Contour mapping was used to present frequency and damping values to represent spatially across the floors (Chapter 7). The resulting maps make it straight forward to identify damage locations of changed stiffness or altered energy dissipation through color variations. The results confirm that combining sensor-based data collection, structured analytical methods, and spatial visualization gives a practical framework for monitoring structural behavior and identifying potential issues without depending on visual inspection alone.
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    RESPONSE OF VERTICAL AND BATTER PILE-SUPPORTED MACHINE FOUNDATIONS AGAINST VERTICAL VIBRATIONS: A PROTOTYPE PREDICTION.
    (National Institute of Technology, Silchar., 2026) Gifty, Alluri Bunny.
    Machine foundations supported on pile systems are subjected to continuous dynamic loads, making vibration control a critical design requirement. This study investigates the dynamic response of vertical and batter pile-supported machine foundations under vertical vibrations using an integrated analytical, experimental, probabilistic, and numerical approach. Analytical formulations based on IS 2974 (Part 3) were developed and calibrated using experimental data from literature. To account for soil variability, Monte Carlo simulation was performed considering randomness in shear modulus, damping, and weak-zone parameters. Numerical validation was carried out using PLAXIS 3D through a pseudo dynamic frequency sweep approach. Results indicate that resonant amplitude increases nonlinearly with excitation intensity, while resonant frequency remains relatively constant for a given configuration. Batter piles exhibit higher amplitudes and lower frequencies compared to vertical piles due to reduced stiffness. Probabilistic analysis reveals that soil variability can increase the predicted amplitude by up to 35%. Among the methods, PLAXIS 3D provided the closest agreement with experimental results. The study also presents design charts for practical estimation of vibration response.