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Multiple Quantum Well-based AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMTs with Stacked-Gate Dielectric Engineering for High-Power and High- Frequency Applications
(National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Kumar, Nitish
Physical Design Synthesis and Implementation using Synopsys Fusion compiler
(National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Vishal
The high rate of semiconductor technology development has greatly complicated the modern integrated circuits and efficient Physical Design methodologies can never be of less importance. As technology nodes scale to a larger scale, issues of interconnect delay, congestion, power integrity and timing violations have emerged to dominate the overall performance of the chips. Conventional ASIC design processes (individually synthesize and physically implement) tend to exhibit poor stage-correlation, resulting in multiple design cycles and longer design cycles. Physical Design synthesis and implementation flow with Synopsys Fusion Compiler, which is a single platform of logical and physical design synthesis in the same optimization engine. It includes the entire ASIC design chain, such as starting with the generated gate-level netlist to the ultimate layout that is to be fabricated. Floor planning, power planning, placement, clock tree synthesis (CTS), routing, and timing closure are examined in detail to learn how they affect the quality of designs. Considerable focus is on physical-aware synthesis and early synthesis optimization, which are useful to minimize timing difference between pre-layout and post-layout phases. Several optimization schemes, such as cell sizing, buffering and the congestion-based placement, are investigated to balance timing closure and performance improvements. The integrated solution also quite reduces the repetition of Engineering Change Orders (ECOs), the design cycles and enhances the general productivity as well.The outcomes show that with Fusion Compiler, Quality of Results (QoR) in terms of timing, power and area is improved and convergence.
Comprehensive Analysis of SoC Physical Design Quality with Timing, Power Integrity, and PVT Variability Considerations
(National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Gandhi, Himanshu
Municipal Solid Waste Land fill Site-Hydrological Risk Factors
(National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Deb, Chandrika
The rapid growth of urban population and waste generation has made the selection of environmentally suitable landfill sites a critical challenge for sustainable solid waste management. This study aims to identify optimal landfill locations in the Silchar Municipal Area using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) integrated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Multiple environmental, hydrological, and infrastructural parameters—including land use/land cover (LULC), rainfall, groundwater depth, slope, elevation, and proximity to road sand streams—were considered for suitability analysis. Spatial datasets were processed and reclassified into thematic layers, and AHP was employed to assign relative weights to each criterion through pairwise comparison, ensuring a consistent and systematic decision-making framework. The weighted overlay analysis classified the study area into five suitability zones ranging from not suitable to most suitable, leading to the identification of potential landfill sites. To enhance the reliability of the results, a detailed hydrological risk assessment was conducted using stream proximity, rainfall distribution, and ground water depth, highlighting areas prone to contamination risks. Sensitivity analysis was further performed by varying the weights of key criteria, and the results demonstrated minimal variation in site selection, confirming the robustness of the model. Field validation was carried out for the shortlisted sites to verify ground conditions, resulting in the rejection of unsuitable locations and the final selection of the most feasible site. The selected land fill site satisfies both environmental and practical criteria, ensuring minimal impact on surrounding ecosystems. The study presents an integrated and systematic approach that combines spatial analysis, risk assessment, and field verification for reliable landfill site selection. The methodology can serve as a decision-support tool for urban planner sand policy makers in achieving sustainable and environmentally sound solid waste management, particularly in data-limited urban regions
Patch-based Cascaded Underwater Image Enhancement via HSV-Domain Patch Processing and Full-Resolution RGB Refinement with Heterogeneous Skip Connections
(National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Gautam, Aditi
Underwater images often suffer from severe degradation due to light scattering, color attenuation, and non-uniform illumination. This paper proposes a cascaded two-stage deep learning framework that combines localized enhancement in the HSV color space with global refinement in the RGB domain. In Stage-1, overlapping 256 × 256 patches are enhanced independently to correct region-specific color and illumination distortions, followed by cosine-based blending for seamless reconstruction. Stage-2 performs full-resolution refinement using a residual learning-based network with multi-scale feature extraction, deep supervision, and channel attention to enforce global consistency and improve perceptual quality. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance in terms of PSNR, SSIM, UIQM, and UCIQE, producing visually coherent images with improved color fidelity and structural preservation. The framework provides an effective and robust solution for underwater image enhancement across diverse degradation conditions.
Study and Analysis of Wideband and Multiband Monopole Antennas on Jeans Textile Substrate
(National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Basumatary, Bidisha
This thesis presents the design, simulation, and analysis of two wearable monopole antennas developed on a jeans textile substrate for wireless communication applications. The work is divided into two main designs, each targeting different frequency bands. The first design is a wideband antenna operating from 3.75 GHz to 5.85 GHz, covering sub-6 GHz, WLAN, and ISM bands, using a modified T-shaped patch with a partial ground plane and circular DGS slots. It was fabricated and tested, achieving a peak gain of 4.6 dBi and efficiency above 80%.The second design is a compact triple-band antenna resonating at 4.15 GHz, 7.53 GHz, and 10.68 GHz, covering C-band, X-band, and Ku-band, using a symmetrical loop-loaded structure with a comb-shaped DGS. It achieved a peak gain of 6.6 dBi and efficiency above 80% across all bands. Both antennas were designed and simulated using ANSYS HFSS and evaluated in terms of reflection coefficient, gain, efficiency, radiation pattern, and surface current distribution. The first antenna was also experimentally validated. The results confirm that jeans textile substrate is a suitable choice for wearable wideband and multiband wireless communication applications.
PIN Diode Based Frequency Reconfigurable U-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Microwave Communication
(National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Shankar, Priyanka
This thesis shows the design and analysis of a frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna with a U-slot and an adjusent vertical slot with PIN diode switching. The antenna is fabricated on Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate and simulated using ANSYS HFSS. The introduction of the U-slot along with the vertical slot creates multiple current paths on the patch, resulting in the excitation of multiple resonant modes. The effective current distribution can be tuned by switching elements i.e. by equivalent RLC circuits, to obtain the frequency reconfigurability. This antenna operates at multiple resonant frequencies in the range of 6 GHz to 14 GHz covering bands of C-, X- and Ku-bands. The antenna has good impedance matching at these operating bands with return loss values below −10 dB and attained a maximum gain between 5–9 dB. A parametric study has also been performed to study the effect of the dimensions of the slots and patch parameters on the performance of the antenna. This allows to control the tuning of the resonant frequencies. The proposed antenna is suitable for satellite communication applications, such as fixed satellite service (FSS) uplink in the C-band (6.9–7.1 GHz) and Ku-band (13–14 GHz) frequency ranges. Besides the main application in satellite systems, the antenna can also be used in X-band radar and terrestrial microwave backhaul links due to the multi-band operation. The design exhibits a balance between compactness, reconfiguration and practical usage in modern RF communication systems
Temporal Instability Forecasting for Early Operational Risk Prediction in Railway Systems
(National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Sourabh, Shreyansh
Railway dispatch systems already log nearly everything that goes wrong on a network. Delays, cancellations, the cause text of each incident, all of it sits in the database. What is a bit odd is that none of this gets rolled up into a single number that tells an operator how stressed the system actually is. Most action happens only after a disruption is big enough for passengers to feel it, and there isn’t really a clean way to look a few weeks ahead. This work tries to fill that gap. It proposes the Operational Instability Index (OII), a bounded weekly score in [0, 1], built from the openly available Belgian Railway incident data between January 2019 and January 2026 (891 records spread across 318 weeks). The OII is put together from six Min-Max normalised features: weekly incident frequency, total delay minutes and cancellation counts, plus the deviation of each from an eight-week rolling baseline. The two groups are then added as a weighted sum, with the absolute components carrying weight 1.0 and the deviation components 0.5. We chose lower weights for the deviations because that series is clearly noisier. An exponential moving average is then applied; without smoothing the lag-1 autocorrelation of the series is very low and forecasting is more or less hopeless. Before fitting anything, a natural log transform is used to cut the right skew (skewness drops from 1.91 to 0.67), and both ADF and PP tests confirm stationarity, so no differencing was needed. Four classical time-series models, ARIMA, SARIMAX with Fourier harmonics, Facebook’s Prophet, and Holt-Winters exponential smoothing, were trained on 253 weeks and evaluated using a rolling one-step-ahead scheme on a 65-week held-out window. An inverse-RMSE weighted ensemble of the four reaches RMSE = 0.0319 and MAPE = 17.57% on the original OII scale. That is the best of every configuration we tried, although the margin over the individual SARIMAX and ARIMA fits is small (and not statistically significant under the Diebold–Mariano test). The forecasts are then mapped into a three-tier probabilistic early warning scheme (Critical, High, Elevated, Low) using percentile thresholds derived only from the training period, to avoid any leakage. The result is a simple, interpretable instrument that hands operators a twelve-week probabilistic outlook on operational health, instead of yet another post-mortem after a bad week.
Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor (FeFET) for Embedded Non - Volatile Memory Application
(National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Kumar, Aman
Quantum Well Engineered AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for Emerging Nanoelectronics Applications
(National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 2026) Kar, Padmakshya