Browsing by Author "Singh, Kumari Nutan"

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    BIDDING STRATEGY OF VIRTUAL POWER PLANT IN ELECTRICITY AND CARBON EMISSIONS TRADING MARKETS
    (Department of Electrical Engineering, NITS, 2026) Singh, Kumari Nutan
    The growing adoption of renewable energy and the shift toward decentralized power generation have driven the development of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs), which serve as an effective approach to combine various Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) into a single, adaptable, and market-oriented system. This thesis presents a comprehensive study aimed at enhancing the operational efficiency, economic viability, environmental sustainability, and cyber security of VPPs through five interrelated objectives. First, a forecasting model for renewable energy resources is designed to precisely estimate the generation from variable sources like solar and wind. Leveraging advanced machine learning methods, this model enhances the reliability and scheduling efficiency of VPPs, enabling more stable grid integration and improved participation in energy markets. Second, recognizing the volatile nature of carbon trading markets, a Carbon Price Forecasting Framework is proposed. This model incorporates market uncertainties and utilizes hybrid forecasting techniques, including deep learning, time series decomposition, and feature selection methods, to provide precise carbon price predictions. Accurate forecasting supports VPPs in making informed trading and operational decisions while complying with carbon regulations. Third, social welfare oriented bidding strategy is developed to guide VPPs in participating in both energy and carbon markets, aiming to balance profit maximization with broader social and environmental obligations. The forecasted results for solar PV and wind power from chapter 2 have been taken for participating in VPP trading. Various carbon emission reduction methods are presented namely: carbon tax, cap-and-trade scheme and uplift payment scheme. The carbon credit price is calculated using carbon tax and uplift payment scheme and then participated in EM. For a day ahead bidding strategy considers carbon trading constraints, emission penalties, and renewable integration while aiming to enhance overall welfare, particularly in systems with high renewable penetration. iii After considering bidding strategy, the thesis conducts a thorough analysis on Unit Commitment (UC) for VPP systems. Therefore, fourth objective this thesis, bi-level UC model for VPP has been presented. For UC model the VPP is again integrated with carbon trading market (CTM) and also with green certificate trading market (GCTM). The proposed bi-level unit commitment model aims to maximize the total profit of the overall VPP systems by minimizing the total cost. By integrating EM with CTM and GCTM, the model optimizes energy dispatch, minimizes emissions, and supports regulatory compliance. The analysis also evaluates the economic implications of carbon prices on dispatch decisions and generation cost. Since, the concepts of VPP is ICT based structure and therefore the maintaining its security is foremost challenge for a power engineer. Finally, fifth objective of the thesis explores the Cyber security aspects of VPPs, recognizing the critical importance of secure data communication and control in a digitally connected energy ecosystem. This also presents the possible cyber-attacks in in VPP systems and its impacts. Potential threats and vulnerabilities are identified, and a cyber-security framework is proposed, including anomaly detection, secure protocols, and resilience strategies to safeguard VPP operations against cyber-attacks. The proposed algorithm Autoencoder utilized for anomaly detection for 9-bus and IEEE-39 bus modified VPP systems created in MATLAB Simulink. The outcomes of this research offer meaningful insights and practical approaches to enhance the technical efficiency, economic viability, and environmental sustainability of VPPs. By addressing forecasting accuracy, carbon market integration, optimal bidding, emission reduction, and cyber security, the thesis contributes to the advancement of future-ready, low-carbon, and resilient power systems.