PIN Diode Based Frequency Reconfigurable U-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Microwave Communication
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Date
2026
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National Institute of Technology, Silchar
Abstract
This thesis shows the design and analysis of a frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna with a U-slot and an adjusent vertical slot with PIN diode switching. The antenna is fabricated on Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate and simulated using ANSYS HFSS. The introduction of the U-slot along with the vertical slot creates multiple current paths on the patch, resulting in the excitation of multiple resonant modes. The effective current distribution can be tuned by switching elements i.e. by equivalent RLC circuits, to obtain the frequency reconfigurability. This antenna operates at multiple resonant frequencies in the range of 6 GHz to 14 GHz covering bands of C-, X- and Ku-bands. The antenna has good impedance matching at these operating bands with return loss values below −10 dB and attained a maximum gain between 5–9 dB. A parametric study has also been performed to study the effect of the dimensions of the slots and patch parameters on the performance of the antenna. This allows to control the tuning of the resonant frequencies. The proposed antenna is suitable for satellite communication applications, such as fixed satellite service (FSS) uplink in the C-band (6.9–7.1 GHz) and Ku-band (13–14 GHz) frequency ranges. Besides the main application in satellite systems, the antenna can also be used in X-band radar and terrestrial microwave backhaul links due to the multi-band operation. The design exhibits a balance between compactness, reconfiguration and practical usage in modern RF communication systems